Cape Town dams at 50,4% as window to avoid restrictions narrows

Cape Town’s dam levels have dropped to 50,4%, effectively half full, following a week of increased water usage and persistent heatwave conditions.

The City says water consumption has surged to 1 058 million litres per day, up from 1 018 million litres the previous week. This is 83 million litres above the targeted daily usage of 975 million litres, placing additional strain on already declining water reserves.

Although the recent heatwave is beginning to subside, residents are being urged to continue using water only for essential purposes. Authorities warn that collective consumption in the coming weeks, leading up to the winter rainfall season, will be critical in determining whether stricter water restrictions can be avoided.

The City emphasises that Cape Town is not currently in a drought. However, officials say the window to prevent restrictions later this year is narrowing. If current usage trends continue and rainfall is average, dam levels could drop to as low as 40% by May.

Cape Town has now entered what officials describe as an early warning phase. While water supply remains stable and taps continue to run normally, the system is becoming increasingly sensitive, with every drop counting ahead of uncertain winter rainfall.

Residents are encouraged to reduce usage now to help maintain higher dam levels before winter.

Officials say lower consumption could delay or even prevent the introduction of water restrictions, which could otherwise be implemented earlier than November if demand remains high.

Mayoral Committee Member for Water and Sanitation, Councillor Zahid Badroodien, says the city is at a critical point in its water management cycle.

He warns that the current dam levels will need to sustain Cape Town through winter and potentially into next summer and even 2027, depending on rainfall. With weather patterns becoming increasingly unpredictable, he says the city cannot rely on future rainfall and must focus on conserving existing supplies.

Badroodien also noted that recent water usage has consistently exceeded the set target, placing further pressure on the system.

He has called on residents, businesses and industries to work together to reduce consumption, reminding Cape Town that collective action has successfully averted water crises in the past.

Lion Population Survey in Kruger National Park shows continued species decline

The Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area, spanning South Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe is one of the few remaining strongholds for African Lions (Panthera leo) in southern Africa.

Central to this cross-border conservation area, is the Kruger National Park which serves as a key source population of lion for neighbouring reserves. In the past decade, however, lion poaching has started taking a toll on the species, from either bushmeat snaring or the deliberate poisoning of carnivores, in certain areas.

The first park-wide survey in 2005, estimated the lion population at 1,803 individuals.

With that survey now a decade old and reports of increased poaching, particularly in the northern Kruger National Park, concerns about the current status of lions in the region are justified.

Partnering with South African National Parks (SANParks) and the Lion Recovery Fund, the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) undertook a lion population survey in the northern half of the Kruger National Park in 2024, to obtain robust estimates of lion populations to inform future lion management policies and practices.

During a similar lion population survey in the Nxanatseni north region of the Kruger National Park over three months in 2023, the population was estimated at 105 individuals. Two field protocols had been used to collect the 2023 data: search encounters and camera traps.

In 2024, a three-month lion population survey was conducted in the Nxanatseni south region of the park, using spatial capture-recapture models to obtain more reliable and comparable estimates of the abundance and density of lions.

Spatial capture-recapture entails taking photographs of a lion’s whisker spots to identify individuals. Some individuals are seen more than once, thus the recapture of their information to avoid counting the same lion twice.

Between July and September 2024, the members of the EWT’s Carnivore Conservation team drove 10,446 km in search of lions, resulting in 182 detections of 74 individuals: 22 males and 52 females. Because of the high mortality among lions less than a year old, these were excluded from the survey.

Using this dataset, it is estimated that there are 144 lions in Nxanatseni South; a density of 3.5 lions per 100 km². Besides the higher number of lion in the southern Nxanatseni area, the survey again found that lion density decreased the further carnivores are away from water. Out of the 247 lions detected, 182 could be positively identified, while 65 could not because the photos taken of the individuals were not clear enough for a positive identification.

The report states that lion densities varied across the study area, with the highest estimates in sections, which support large herds of herbivores due to productive soils and grazing grounds. It adds that lower densities were found in the western sections, where mopane woodland, proximity to communities, and conflict with poaching may limit lion populations. In another area, which had an intermediate density, poor soils, low rainfall and the hilly terrain were found to be constrains on the species.

Although poaching incidents were not counted during the study, poached lion were found on the western boundary of the Park.

The report concludes that the observations are concerning given the conservation importance of the Kruger lion population.

Among the steps that need to be taken to conserve lion within the Greater Kruger conservation area include an increase in engagement with local communities and local traditional medicine users, alongside stricter law enforcement.

This may include giving rangers arresting powers and introducing harsher penalties for wildlife crimes. Alongside these actions, more research is needed to determine the effect of water management in conservation areas, and the effect the increasing human presence along the boundary of, for instance, the Kruger National Park, has on the species.
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